The Role Of The Witches Essay Research free essay sample

The Role Of The Witches Essay, Research Paper When Shakespeare wrote this drama in 1606 a big bulk of people were interested in witchery. King James was so fascinated by enchantresss that he wrote an article about them in 1957 called # 8216 ; Demonologie # 180 ; . So this is why Shakespeare has made the enchantresss and the enchantresss # 180 ; prognostications play a major portion in the plot line and overall feeling of the drama Macbeth. In the clip of Macbeth enchantresss were non thought to be supernatural existences themselves, but purportedly gained their powers by selling their psyches to Satan, and were so instructed and controlled by # 8216 ; familiar liquors # 180 ; . The being of witchery was recognised by English jurisprudence # 8211 ; an act of 1604 made the pattern of it punishable by decease # 8211 ; but it was by no agencies unquestioned. There can be small uncertainty that most of Shakespeare # 180 ; s audience would hold believed in enchantresss, and for the intent of the drama, at least, Shakespeare be sides accepted their world. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role Of The Witches Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The three enchantresss in the calamity Macbeth are introduced right at the beginning of the drama and the brief opening few scenes give an immediate feeling of enigma, horror and uncertainness. This is a mark of things to come as witchery is used as one of the chief subjects of the drama. The enchantresss create an ambiance of immorality and upset. In the gap scene the conditions is thunder and lightning which is a mirror image of the manner the enchantresss are perceived. When you think of boom and lightning you think of immoralities and devastation, this is precisely the manner enchantresss are represented in this drama. They are evil and cause devastation in Macbeth # 180 ; s life. Banquo says in act 1 scene 3 line 124: # 8220 ; The instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to bewray # 8217 ; s In deepest consequence. # 8221 ; He thinks and says bad things of the enchantresss. He calls them instruments of darkness and the Satan. He believes that these prognostications will merely convey injury even before anything begins to go on. He sees beyond the enchantresss and can see that they are evil where as Macbeth is taken in by the enchantresss and this # 8216 ; blindness # 180 ; is what causes his declivitous spiral of jobs. So his best friend warns Macbeth before he makes any determinations that the enchantresss are evil, and what they suggest is evil. If Macbeth had listened to his friend Banquo so possibly the tragic events to follow could hold been stopped. But the enchantresss who could purportedly announce the hereafter, add enticement, and influence Macbeth. They had told Macbeth that he would be King he became impatient and t ried to travel rapidly it every bit rapidly as he could. But they can non command his fate. Macbeth creates his ain wretchedness when he is driven by his ain sense of guilt. This causes him to go insecure as to the grounds for his actions, which in bend causes him to perpetrate more slayings. The enchantresss offer great temptation, but it is in the terminal, each person # 180 ; s determination to fall for the enticement, or to be strong plenty to defy their fascination. The three Enchantresss are merely responsible for the debut of these thoughts and for farther organizing thoughts in Macbeth caput, but they are non responsible for his actions throughout the drama. Everything that the enchantresss say sounds they are intoning a thaumaturgy enchantment. In act 4 scene 1 lines 4-9: # 8216 ; Round about the caldron go # 8230 ; # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .charmed pot. # 180 ; Here the poet uses riming pairs and a different beat to the remainder of the drama. There is a perennial chorus in which they all join in. # 180 ; Double, double, labor and problem: Fire, burn ; and cauldron, bubble. # 180 ; The initial rhyme with the repeated # 8216 ; d # 180 ; and # 8216 ; b # 180 ; sounds make the chant sound really powerful and is really tricky. Lady Macbeth is shown early in the drama as an ambitious adult female with a s ingle intent. She can pull strings Macbeth easy. This is shown in act 1 scene 5: â€Å"That I may pour my liquors in thine ear† She is altruistic, and wants what is best for her hubby. Before the address that Lady Macbeth gives in act one scene five, Macbeth is resolved non to travel through with the violent death of the male monarch. However, Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth’s self-esteem by playing on his manfulness and his courage. This so convinces Macbeth to perpetrate the slaying. It is like a kid who is easy guided. Lady Macbeth knows this and uses this to her advantage. Although Macbeth has the concluding say in whether or non to travel through with the initial violent death, he loves Lady Macbeth and wants to do her happy. Lady Macbeth is the ruling person in the relationship, it seems that she can convert him to make anything every bit long as she pushes the right buttons in act 1 scene 7 line 39 she says: # 8221 ; Art thou afeard To be the same in thine ain act and heroism, As thou art in desire? # 8221 ; This is her inquiring Macbeth whether he has the bravery of his strong beliefs to accomplish what he desires, once more she is playing on his bravery and courage to seek and pull strings him into killing Duncan. On the other manus, as the drama progresses, and Duncan is killed, there is a reversal of natural order, and Macbeth becomes the dominating spouse once more. Lady Macbeth becomes subservient. She becomes hapless and merely a shadow of her former ego. Ambition plays a big function in this calamity. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have hig h aspirations that drive them. Lady Macbeth # 8217 ; s aspiration drives her to pull strings Macbeth into perpetrating the offenses. Macbeth # 8217 ; s ferocious aspiration is present before the enchantresss # 8217 ; prophesies, but, He would neer hold thought earnestly about killing Duncan without the enchantresss or Lady Macbeth. Yet the combination of his ambitious nature, the initial prophesies and his married woman # 180 ; s influence leads him to kill the male monarch. It is Lady Macbeth who states, # 8220 ; Thou wouldst be great Art non without ambition. # 8221 ; Macbeth states that it is # 8220 ; his harassing wickedness: I have no goad To prick the sides of my purpose, but merely Vaulting ambition. # 8221 ; Macbeth # 8217 ; s continued aspiration is present in his wanting to hold a sequence of male monarchs after him. Macbeth # 8217 ; s aspiration is deep within him and because of this, both the enchantresss and Lady Macbeth are able to rock him to evil. It is thi s aspiration that gets him into so much problem ab initio. Once Macbeth putting to deaths for the first clip, he has no pick but to go on to cover up his incorrect behaviors, or hazard losing everything he has worked so difficult for. In the terminal, it all becomes excessively much for Macbeth. He starts to travel brainsick and on the dark of the Duncan slaying many unusual things happen. Macbeth has a vision of a sticker, which so leads him to Duncan # 180 ; s room, Lenox heard shriek, the conditions turns into a ramping storm, the Equus caballuss eat each other and a bird of quarry ( falcon ) is killed by an bird of Minerva. These unusual and unnatural events, particularly the fanciful sticker, show that Macbeth is non to the full in control of his ain actions and is being influenced by immorality. But everyone is responsible for his ain fate. This is an indispensable subject in this calamity. Macbeth chooses to chance with his psyche and when he does this it is merely him who c hooses to lose it. He is responsible for anything he does and must take entire answerability for his actions. Macbeth is the 1 who made the concluding determination to transport out his actions. He made these concluding determinations and continued with the violent deaths to cover that of King Duncan. However where as some facts show that the consequences were all of his ain making, in act 4 he returns to the enchantresss voluntarily to happen out his destiny in order to see what actions he should take. This suggests that the enchantresss did hold a great influence on his actions.

Blood Donation Essays

Blood Donation Essays Blood Donation Essay Blood Donation Essay In conference proceedings of American Marketing Association Services Special Interest Group, Helsinki Finland, June 7-9 Purpose While the Australian-Red-cross-Blood-service has been effective at acquiring new youth donors, in recent years the retention rate has declined. One reason suggested for the lack of loyalty is the emotional ambivalence created by the motivational inflict between approach and avoid motives leading to defection. Method This project explored the motivations and affective appraisals of non-donors, novice, experienced and lapsed Gene-Y blood donors. Responses from 68 young Australians were gained from twelve focus groups. Fledglings Cent-Y donors were ego rather than altruistically motivated. Experienced donors felt little motivational conflict, used cognitive re-appraisal, novice/ lapsed donors experienced higher levels and used emotional suppression and manipulation of the irreverence. Indoors were unable to overcome the high levels of conflict. Research- implications Further research needs to investigate why the non-donors could not overcome the motivational conflict. The role of customer value and social capital could provide useful explanations for this finding. Practical-implications To encourage Gene-Y to donate blood, there needs to be recognition of the non- altruistic motivations for donation to inform marketing strategies. While Gene-Y want o help others, if this comes at too high a price they are less likely to ordinate. Social-implications This research is essential to the provision of a sustainable blood supply in Australia. Without establishing a foundation of donors amongst Gene-Y now there will be a shortage of donors in the future. Originality This paper has identified a new form of emotional regulation; manipulation of the serviceable and egoism rather than altruism as a motivation for blood donation.

Lower the college tuition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lower the college tuition - Essay Example Since education is based upon the ideals of opportunity for all and higher personal advancement, increased tuition costs ruin the promise of education and make it only available to the elite members of society. Education is supposed to be meritocratic in nature and that means that people are accepted into universities and colleges across this country based on their abilities and not the wealth of their parents. Education is the way in which people break through social barriers like class and privilege. Is it true that education is merit-based? Is it true that America’s ideas about higher education are based upon the notion that it allows people to advance, progress and move forward in life? A basic idea behind the sociology of education is that it promotes greater equality and is based upon merit and equal opportunity for all. The expansion of education in the past two hundred years in the United States is an incredible advance which has supposed increased social equality and made society a better place. Less than one hundred years ago, the educational institutions of this country were closed to women, ethnic minorities such as African-Americans and a whole bunch of other social gro ups. What is amazing is that while a long time ago educational opportunities were denied to more than 50% of the population, today education is supposed to be available to all. Education is supposed to promote social equality and when tuition is high and out of reach for many students, it promotes division based on social class and limits the opportunities for many qualified students (Conley, 59-72). Looking at the opportunities associated with higher education, academics Persell & Cookson studied education and privilege. They determined that through education â€Å"the transmission of privilege is central to the reproduction of an

Central Banks Propel Asia Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Central Banks Propel Asia Markets - Essay Example The loosening of the policy concerning the dollar came because of the slow economic momentum, a factor that prompted the mentioned economies to come to their agreement. The slow economic downturn started as early as November, therefore, an economic intervention was needed to boost the stock markets in Asia, Europe and the other countries, which were included in the financing deal. Critical Analysis It is the job of policy makers to ensure that they set up appropriate policies, which will ensure that the economy is stable and money value is not lost. The policy indicated by the above scenario indicates that the actions by major world economies in the stock market have the capability to influence financial markets in the world. The lowering in dollar financing costs by the major policy deciders in both Europe and the North American continent helped to reduce the risks of global financing, which in turn increases investor confidence in the markets. Therefore, the resultant effect, the r ise in stock markets in the Asian, American and European economies can be attributed to a rise in investor confidence in the stock market. ... expected to benefit other economies, for example, the US, Canadian and European economies witnessed an increase in the indices used in the respective countries. Critical Questions 1. How does the boosting of liquidity in one country affect the stocks in another country? 2. What are the perceived benefits of the increase in liquidity in the Asian economies? Work Cited Turner, Susan. Central Banks Propel Asia Markets, 2011. Web. December 01, 2011. Available at: Portugal Hit by Downgrade and Strike Summary The article â€Å"Portugal Hit by Downgrade and Strike†, by Kowsmann describes two major events that affected Portugal’s economy in the last one week. The article states that the Portuguese economy faced a double tragedy when its debt was downgraded to junk, and a strike paralyzed operations in the country. The nationwide strike was occasioned by growing fears and discontent that austerity measures were pushing the country deep into recession. The second tragedy was the lowering of the country’s debt rating by Fitch’s Rating index, an index that describes the debt-characteristic of various economies. Portugal’s debt rating was lowered from triple-B-Minus to double-B-Plus, which means that the country is considered an ineffective credit controller. This was caused by the country’s perceived fiscal imbalances and debt figures across all sectors of the economy. Effectively, the lowering of the rating indicates that the country is no longer investment worthy, meaning that investors will be scared away from the economy. Critical Analysis The downgrading of the Portuguese economy, accompanied by the nationwide strike is not a stand-alone factor. This is evident from the current debt

Birth of a Nation Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Birth of a Nation - Movie Review Example However, some of the scenes depicting the civil war are unnecessarily lengthy while the death of soldiers is shown in a rather funny manner. The movie can simply be termed as a portrayal of the dark side of the cruel and unjust that progresses towards an imminent controversy. While the message delivered by the film is indeed horrible to imagine, especially under modern times, the most notable aspect is that all the black characters in the film were in fact played by white people. The movie is worth noting for incredible camerawork and narrative techniques that provides for an easy understanding even without the existence of any audio (it is a silent movie). The locations used to film the scenes are easily recognizable as most of the shots were taken from a single angle thereby helping viewers recollect locations from previous scenes. Much attention was also given to the interiors thereby making them resemble more like rooms rather than filming sets. While the story aims to present a strong opinion of a section of the society, the enactments are too exaggerated at several places throughout the film. Thus, the movie could have been shorter by many unnecessary and unrelated scenes.

Factors Affecting Firm Size

Factors Affecting Firm Size Before explaining the factors that exert limits on the size of firms, it is very important to understand what a firm is and how do we measure its size. Lets start with a basic definition of a firm. In simple terms, a firm is a legally recognized organization designed to provide goods, services or both to consumers or tertiary business in exchange for money( Sullivan Arthur; Steven M. Sheffrin (2003). Now that we have an idea of what a firm is lets move on to the ways in which we can measure its size. A lot of ways can be used to measure the size of a firm. One can measure its size by the total revenue it generates, but this does not tell us anything about the scope of a firms underlying activity. Another way is value added( i.e.the sum of factor inputs). This gives us a precise measure of activity in the firm , but this data is generally not available from the company. Lastly, there is the number of employees working in the firm, which is the most widely used measure with more than 80 percent of the studies using it (Kimberley(1976, 587). The size of a firm has been measured as per the number of employees working in a firm in this essay. Before we embark on the long list of factors that exert limits on a firms size, lets just see if these limits are just theoretical aspects or do they actually exist. Have you ever wondered why do big companies like Toyota only limit their area of operations to a few sectors like automobiles? Why dont these companies expand in different directions and produce a wide array of products like food products, milk, laptops etc.? Everyone talks about how important size is, but if size was such a great advantage, the smaller companies would have soon disappeared. But as we see around us, this is not happening. If there had been no limits to the size of a firm then there would have been an inexorable concentration of industries and economies until there was only one global firm left. Since this is not happening, this proves that there do exist certain factors that exert certain limits on the size of a firm. Lets study these factors in detail: FACTORS LIMITING FIRM SIZE Diseconomies of scale It is a well documented fact that higher levels of production permit the use of more efficient techniques. They vindicate the investment in cost reducing technologies and allow workers to be more specialized. But however persuasive they may be, returns to scale have their limits. Machines related to two production units can be advantageously pulled together only if they are not employed to their capacities, similarly the law of large numbers becomes smaller and smaller as the firm grows, ultimately leading to increasing cost of production of goods and services for the larger firms leading to diseconomies of scale. Williamson(1975) identified four main categories of diseconomies of scale Communications Failure due to bounded rationality It is impossible to expand a firm without adding hierarchical layers. As information is passed between layers their is a high probability that it gets distorted, reducing the ability of high level managers to make decisions based on facts and leads to declining return to entrepreneurial function. Bureaucratic insularity Williamson argued that as firms increase in size the senior managers are less accountable to the lower ranks of the organization and to the shareholders. They thus become insulated and will strive to maximize their personal benefits rather than the profits of the firm. The consequences are that large firms tend to more easily accept organizational slack and resources are misallocated Employee alienation As firms expand there will be increased specialization, but also less moral involvement of the employees, according to Williamson (1975, 128-129). The decline in moral involvement is due to the difficulty for the employee to understand the purpose of activities as well as the small contribution each employee makes to the totality. Thus, alienation is more likely to occur in large firms. Misalignment of incentives Firms can not compensate their employees perfectly due to a number of limitations according to Williamson (1975, 129-130). First, large bonus payments may threaten senior managers. Second, performance related bonuses might affect the employment contract so that less than optimal behavior is encouraged. The outcome is that large firms tend to pay based on tenure and position rather than on merit. This is especially important in product and process development where the large firms are at a disadvantage to smaller enterprises. Availability of Finance/Capital Every firm at some point or the other needs to employ some external capital to grow. There is a strong and positive relationship between the amount of finance that a firm can raise and the managerial ability and entrepreneurial capital that the firm has, i.e. higher the entrepreneurial capital higher the amount that the firm can borrow. Also, given the existence of capital market imperfections, it would be unwise to assume that finance is never a real problem. It has been generally observed that the average size of firms is larger in countries with better financial markets, suggesting that financial constraints keep firms small. An example in this regard can be of Finland, where the size of the firms are large, despite the countrys small size, as compared to say Spain or Italy because it has a very efficient financial system, as measured by its accounting standards. Role of Government/Judicial Factors Government also plays a crucial role in determining the freedom that the firm enjoys in performing its operations with full capacity. Governments often employ certain regulations which put a limit on the size of the firm. Many costly regulations apply to larger firms (for example the obligation to provide health insurance in the US or Union Laws in Italy). This tilts the playing field towards small firms. Other regulations, such as strong product liability laws, favor the creation of separate legal entities that can avail the protection afforded by limited liability. This further leads to smaller firms. High corporate taxes could also drive many economic activities into the informal sector, and reduce reduce the incentive to create larger firms, this is probably why Italy has so many small firms. It has been observed in certain countries, that the government in order to protect the local market sometimes puts restrictions on the import of certain raw materials or machinery. This puts the firms in such countries at handicap when competing with foreign firm and in turn puts a limit on the size of the firm, as their area of operation remains limited to the local market. An efficient government and legal system on the other hand eases managements ability to use critical resources other thaan physical assets as source power, which leads to establishment of firms of larger size(Rajan and Zingales(1998c)). It also protects outside investors better and allows larger firms to be financed . Finally, an efficient government and legal system reduces coordination costs and allows larger organisations(Becker and Murphy(1992)). Limitations of the market Another major factor that limits the size of the firm is the limitations posed by the market, the expansion of which would require unprofitable price reductions or increase in selling cost. Adam Smith(1776) had suggested that the extent of specialization was limited by the size of the market. If a worker needs to acquire task specific human capital, there is a set-up cost incurred every time the worker is assigned a new task. It is, therefore reasonable to expect workers to perform specialized tasks and to expect a firm to hire more workers when its production process becomes more specialized. Therefore, one would expect not only the extent of specialization but also the size of the firms to be limited by the size of the market that is being served. Security There are always considerations of security to take into account- both security against bankruptcy and security against a takeover bid. The faster a firm attempts to expand, the more it will be driven to accept high-risk investments and the more it may have to rely on fixed interest debt. Both endanger the future of the firm. The failure of a major investment or the high level of fixed charges that a firm is obliged to meet when trade is depressed may bring it to its knees. Too rapid a rate of growth may also expose the firm to the danger of a takeover bid. This may occur if rapid expansion depresses the firms profitability or if it results in high retention of profits and low dividend payments to shareholders.Too low a rate on the other hand, may also attract a takeover bid. A profitable firm with a high conservative management may have a high level of liquidity. A prospective acquirer may feel confident that the funds can be put to more profitable use. Thus, this fear of security m ay also limit the size of the firm in that the firm may not be inclined to accept high risk investments in view of the fixed costs they have to pay off, thus limiting growth. Fear of expropriation Fear of expropriation is also a key factor that limits the size of the firm. This fear has been appropriately analyzed by Rajan and Zingales(1998c) with the help of a stylized model where an entrepreneur has a critical resource with which he wants to produce. In order to produce he has to offer employees access to the resource and its mode of employ. There are constant returns to scale in production but increasing returns to scale in marketing so that a larger firm captures a disproportionate share of the market. The problem is that the property rights of the entrepreneur are not fully secure. As a result he has to limit the number of employees who have access to the resource. The reason is that while he has a noyeaux dur of employees who have specialized to the firms business, have high switching costs, and are therefor loyal, new unspecialized employees on the other hand have low switching costs. If there are sufficient number of them, they will know they can capture a large market share if they band together and make away with a copy of the critical resource. thus, the entrepreneur can employ only a few employees, and has to wait until they specialize and become loyal before admitting new ones. It turns out that not only does this fear of expropriation limit the rate of growth of the number of employees in the firm, it also limits its eventual size. An example in this regard can be taken of the Venezuelan steel company Sidetur, which was recently expropriated by the government. Availability of Technology Sometimes the availability of a particular technology also limits the size of the firm. For example a person may have patented a particular technology and might be the only one who can use it for some time to come. In that scenario a firm producing the same product is handicapped as they do not have the access to the same technology that its competitor has and thus cannot increase its size and becomes stagnant. Another example in this regard can be a strict government policy which does not allow the firms in a particular country to import a particular technology, thereby limiting the size of the firm by not allowing the firm to compete in the global market. Uncertainty Uncertainty plays a crucial role in limiting the size of the firm. It is clear that the seriousness of this problem can be reduced, but only at the cost of additional management effort, which may affect the pattern as well as the rate of growth. This can be illustrated by considering some of the ways in which a firm might respond to uncertainty. One possible response is to increase the variety of goods produced . This would clearly affect the pattern of growth and might increase the managerial resources needed to coordinate the firms activities. Indeed, management problems in a diversified firm might be so acute that they lead either to voluntary disinvestments(can be expanded ;), or to exposure of the firm to a takeover bid.Part of the attraction of a takeover for the predator might also be the profitable sale of subsidiaries of the acquired company to more specialist producers. Another response may be to emphasize short-term projects to the neglect of the long term ones, which agai n would affect the pattern of growth as well as the long term growth rate. Yet another response is to take longer in arriving at investment decisions : for instance, by carrying out more market research before deciding to launch a new product. In this respect different attributes would have a crucial impact on business performance, for the firm that is perfectly risk averse may find that it delays for so long before making a decision that it loses a potential position of market leadership to a competitor. Given the managerial resources available, uncertainty will place a limit on the rate of expansion or size by affecting the volume of managerial services required for a given amount of expansion.

The Objective of Total Quality Management Essay -- Total Quality Manag

The Objective of Total Quality Management Total Quality Management(TQM) is an organisational process that actively involves every function and every employee in satisfying customers needs, both internal and external. TQM works by continuously improving all aspect of work through structured control, improvement and planning activities that are carried out in concern with guiding ideology that focuses on Quality and Customer Satisfaction as the top priorities. There has been many arguments that TQM succeeds only by incorporating a concern about quality for the customers throughout the organisation. The truth of this statement and those facts that disagree with this statement will be look into and discuss in more detail to achieve the success of TQM. TQM recognises that the Customer is at the center of every activity. The customer may be external or internal. The key is to determine the gap between what the customer needs and what the system delivers. Once the gap is recognised, it would be systematically reduced and results in never-ending improvement in customer satisfaction at every level. TQM depends on and creates a culture in an organisation which involves everybody in quality improvement. Everyone in the company can affect quality but must first realise this factor and have the techniques and tools which are appropriate for improving quality. Thus TQM includes the marketing and dissemination of quality and methods not only within the organisation and customers but also to suppliers and other partners. The general view to achieve success in TQM could be summarised as below: Quality as strength Quality in all processes The importance of management The involvement, commitment and responsibility of everybody Continuous improvement Zero defects Focus on prevention rather than inspection Meeting the needs of target customers Recovery Benchmarking A prerequisite for successful quality improvement is first, to understand how quality is perceived and valued by customers. 4 ‘Q' Design Quality Technical Quality Production Quality Delivery Quality Functional Quality Relational Quality Image Experiences Expectation Customer Perceived Quality ... ...ccess. Ownership and the Elements of Self-Management Total quality programmes are founded on the principal that people want to own the problems, the process, the solution and ultimately the success associated with the quality improvement. Psychologically, the ownership advocated by TQM ties in the development in organisational design away from traditional models of imposing management control over employees' behaviour. Recognition and Rewards TQM system considers the rewards and recognition to be critical to a company's programme, particularly when greater involvement of staff is required. Positive reinforcement through recognition and rewards is essential to maintain achievement and continuous improvement through participative problem-solving projects. The Quality Delivery Process TQM is not just the awareness of quality for the customers. It demands the implementation of a new system. Finally, the main objective of TQM may put the customer at the center of every activity and consider the process as customer driven, but all other factors which do not involve the customers have to be taken into consideration for the successful implementation of TQM.

Is Rosa Parks a True Hero

Rosa Parks-A True Hero A hero is a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. Despite what some may argue, Rosa Parks is a perfect example of a Civil rights hero. This can be seen not only through the famous Montgomery Bus ride, but also through other examples where she showed courage, made achievements, or proved herself to have noble qualities. These include: Sparking the Montgomery bus boycott, helping the formation of the MIA, Being directly connected to the Browder versus Gayle lawsuit, Working with Martin Luther King, Featuring on International news, Writing her Autobiography and gaining honors and Awards. In the segregated Montgomery of Dec. 1, 1955, the first 10 rows of a bus where reserved for white riders. As the bus went along its route, more people got on, and the white section of the bus filled up. When another white man boarded, the driver ordered Parks and three blacks seated next to her to move. Park s refused and was arrested.This act of individual resistance, especially in a time where there was lynching for blacks who stepped out of line was rare, especially for a woman. Although it seems insignificant, Parks’ resistance on Dec. 1, 1955 changed the course of history and led to her other major accomplishments, eventually making her an American Hero. 2 Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks on 1 December 1955, the Montgomery bus boycott was a 13-month mass protest that ended with the U. S. 3 Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional. It started off, with a one day boycott, where people where asked to stay off the buses.However, On 5 December, 90 percent of Montgomery’s black citizens stayed off the buses. That afternoon, the city’s ministers and leaders met to discuss the possibility of extending the boycott into a long-term campaign. During this meeting the MIA was formed. 3 The Montgomery Improvement Association’s (MIA) role was to oversee the continuation and maintenance of the boycott. The organization’s overall mission, extended beyond the boycott campaign, as it sought to â€Å"improve the general status of Montgomery, to improve race relations, and to uplift the general tenor of the community. 1 King was elected president of the assosiation shortly after the formation. Parks recalled: ‘‘The advantage of having Dr. King as president was that he was so new to Montgomery and to civil rights work that he hadn’t been there long enough to make any strong friends or enemies’’ 4 The bus boycott demonstrated the potential for nonviolent mass protest to successfully challenge racial segregation and served as an example for other southern campaigns that followed.In Stride Toward Freedom, King’s 1958 memoir of the boycott, he declared the real meaning of the Montgomery bus boycott to be the power of a growing self-respect to animate the struggle for civil r ights. 4 That evening, at a mass meeting at Holt Street Baptist Church, the MIA voted to continue the boycott. King spoke to several thousand people at the meeting: ‘‘I want it to be known that we’re going to work with grim and bold determination to gain justice on the buses in this city. And we are not wrong. †¦ If we are wrong, the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong.If we are wrong, the Constitution of the United States is wrong. If we are wrong, God Almighty is wrong’’ 5On the 8th of December, After unsuccessful talks with city commissioners and bus company officials the MIA issued a formal list of demands: courteous treatment by bus operators; first-come, first-served seating for all, with blacks seating from the rear and whites from the front; and black bus operators on predominately black routes. The demands were not met, and Montgomery’s black residents stayed off the buses through 1956, despite efforts by city officials and whi te citizens to defeat the boycott. Although Rosa Parks was not the leader of the MIA, or the leader of the boycott, she was a huge influence on the entire revolt. Rosa was a role model to all of African Americans involved in the Boycott; She was subconsciously the leader of the group; whenever people had enough and wanted to quit, they would think of Rosa Parks who put her life on the line to fight for her rights and for the rights of all those around her. This shows her heroicness, and all of the African Americans of Montgomery saw the hero in Rosa, and it gave them the extra push to help pursue her dream. Shortly after beginning the Montgomery Bus Boycott in December 1955, black community leaders began to discuss filing a federal lawsuit to challenge the City of Montgomery and Alabama bus segregation laws. They sought a declaratory judgment that Alabama state statutes and ordinances of the city of Montgomery providing for and enforcing racial segregation on â€Å"privately† operated buses were in violation of Fourteenth Amendment protections for equal treatment. 2 On the 5th of June 1956, the federal district court ruled in Browder v.Gayle that bus segregation was unconstitutional, and in November 1956 the U. S. Supreme Court affirmed Browder v. Gayle and struck down laws which put an end to segregated seating on public buses. The order to desegregate the buses arrived the following month, it stated: 1. Black and white people could sit wherever they wanted to sit. 2. Bus drivers were to respect all riders. 3. Black people were now allowed to apply for driver positions. 2 On the 21st of December 1956 King officially called for the end of the boycott ; the community agreed.The next morning, he boarded an integrated bus with Ralph Abernathy, E. D. Nixon, anz d Glenn Smiley. King said of the bus boycott: ‘‘We came to see that, in the long run, it is more honorable to walk in dignity than ride in humiliation. So †¦ we decided to substitute tired feet for tired souls, and walk the streets of Montgomery’’ 5 King also stated, looking back upon the Boycott: ‘‘the Negro citizen in Montgomery is respected in a way that he never was before’’5 Although MLK emerged the hero, the credit is also merited by others, in particular Rosa Parks. King and Rosa became national ? ures during the boycott, and the MIA’s tactics became a model for the many civil rights protests to follow. Re? ecting on his the experience with MIA, King said: ‘‘I will never forget Montgomery, for how can one forget a group of people who took their passionate yearnings and deep aspirations and ? ltered them into their own souls and fashioned them into a creative protest, which gave meaning to people and gave inspiration to individuals all over the nation and all over the world’’ 3 The desegregation of the bus’s affected everyone’s life’s in Montgomery and gave them hope.Rosa was present throughout the boycott and spread her noble qualities, giving hope and courage, she worked hand in hand with MLK throughout the boycott, but was often in his shadows. Throughout the Boycott, Rosa often appeared on national news, this not only helped to spread her ideas, hope and wisdom to the rest of the world, but it also risked her life even more. National coverage of the boycott and King’s trial resulted in support from people outside Montgomery. In early 1956 veteran pacifists Bayard Rustin and Glenn E.Smiley visited Montgomery and offered King advice on the application of Gandhian techniques and nonviolence to American race relations. Rustin, Ella Baker, and Stanley Levison founded In Friendship to raise funds in the North for southern civil rights efforts, including the bus boycott. King absorbed ideas from these proponents of nonviolent direct action and crafted his own syntheses of Gandhian principles of nonviolence. He said: ‘‘Christ showed us the way, and Gandhi in India showed it could work’’ 7Other followers of Gandhian ideas such as Richard Gregg, William Stuart Nelson, and Homer Jack wrote the MIA offering support.Rosa made her image public which turned even more people against her. Risking her life for the benefit of other is truly heroic qualities hat you cannot find in many. Despite the previous facts proving Rosa Parks to be a hero, many still argue that she is not. It can be said that Rosa Parks had planned her act of Defiance to â€Å"spark† the Montgomery bus boycott. The evidence given to support this idea is: first, parks had long been a member of the local NAACP and had been involved in a case of the very same nature in an incident that happened on March 2, 1955, a full nine months before Mrs.Parks arrest. ; Secondly, she was not the first African American to refuse to give up her seat (there where in fact several examples dating from just a couple years earlier) 8 so why wou ld the NAACP suddenly act upon Rosa? And lastly, the speed in which the boycott was enacted and that the NAACP was ready for court is proof that it was a planned event. The historians who argue this case cause confusion and doubt: she the hero that she has been made out to be? Is the result of her actions any less important if it had been a planned action, instead of the spontaneous decision of one woman â€Å"tired of iving in†? The answer in No, Rosa is know for her spontaneous act of resistance, nevertheless, could this theory be one day proven true, it wouldn’t make any less a hero of her. Proof of her heroicness can be seen through her autobiography My Story was written and published in 1992 by Rosa Parks herself. The book told the story of Rosa's life leading up to the day she got on that bus and decided that she was not giving up her seat. Rosa later published another book called Quiet Strength, which described her faith and how it helped her on her journey thro ugh life.This allowed her to spread her ideas and feelings to people who look up to her. 4 In addition to her book, she has been recognized for many honors and awards:in the late 1900’s, the NAACP awarded Rosa Parks the Spingarn Medal, their highest honor and the Martin Luther King Jr. Award. In September of 1992, she was awarded the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience award for her years of community service and lifelong commitment to social change through non-violent means and civil rights. In 1996, Rosa Parks was presented, by President Bill Clinton, with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.This is the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a civilian by the United States Government. In 1998, the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center presented Rosa Parks with the International Freedom Conductor Award. In 1999, she was presented with the Congressional Gold Medal, later that year she was awarded the Detroit-Windsor International Freedom Festival Freedom Award. In 1999, T ime Magazine named Rosa Parks as one of the 20 most powerful and influential figures of the century.In 2000, the State of Alabama awarded her the Governor's Medal of Honor for Extraordinary Courage. She also received the Alabama Academy Award the same year. 7 During her lifetime, Rosa Parks was awarded more than two dozen honorary doctorates from universities worldwide. She was also inducted as an honorary member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. Rosa Parks, along with Elaine Eason Steel, started the Rosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self Development in February of 1987. The Institute was developed in honor of Rosa's husband, Raymond Parks who had died in 1977 of cancer. The Institute's main function is to run the â€Å"Pathways to Freedom† bus tours, which take young people around the country to visit historical sites along the Underground Railroad and to important locations of events in Civil Rights history. 7 Three days after her death in October of 2005, The House of Representative and the United States Senate approved a resolution to allow Rosa Parks' body to be viewed in the U. S. Capitol Rotunda. Rosa was the first woman, and the second black person to ever have the honor of lying in state in the Nations capitol.Lastly, On the first anniversary of her death, President George W. Bush ordered a statue of Parks to be placed in the National Statuary Hall in Washington, D. C. When signing this resolution, President Bush stated: â€Å"By placing her statue in the heart of the nation's Capitol, we commemorate her work for a more perfect union, and we commit ourselves to continue to struggle for justice for every American. â€Å"3 Her worldwide recognition for her tremendous impact on the world can be easily seen through just her awards ranging from the late 1900’s to far after her death.Although Rosa is no longer here, her legend will live on forever and since the rest of the civil rights movement stemmed from what became known as the Montg omery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks is known as the Mother of the Civil Rights Movement. Her act of individual resistance is one of seminal events in the civil rights movement. Parks' made her heroic stand in an atmosphere of lynchings for blacks who stepped out of line, putting her at great risk. Her actions changed the course of history and made her an American icon. ince the rest of the civil rights movement stemmed from what became known as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks is known as the Mother of the Civil Rights Movement. Works Cted Page Adamson, Lynda G. Notable Women in American History: A Guide to Recommended Biographies and Autobiographies. Westport: Greenwood, 1999. Print. [ ]   Bennett, Lerone Jr. What Barbershop Didn't Tell You about Rosa Parks. Vol. 58. N. p. : Ebony, 2003. Print. [ ]   Chappell, Kevin. Remebering Rosa Parks: The Life and Legacy of ‘The Mother of the Civil Rights Movement' Vol. 61. N. p. : Ebony, 2006.Print. Small, Caroline M. â€Å"Rosa Pa rks. † Guide To Literary Masters ; Their Works (2007): 1. Literary Reference Center. Web. 9 Apr. 2013. [ ]   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The History Lesson from Rosa Parks; A Single Act of Responsibility Changes a Nation's Heart. † The Washington Times [Washington D. C] 31 Oct. 2005: n. pag. Print. â€Å"The Rebellious Life Of Mrs. Rosa Parks. † Booklist 109. 6 (2012): 4. Literary Reference Center. Web. 9 Apr. 2013. [ ]   Holmes, Tamara E. Mother of Civil Rights Hands Down Her Legacy: Rosa Parks Gave Birth to a Movement and Set the Bar for Future Generations. Vol. 36. N. p. Black Enterprise, 2006. Print. Huso, Deborah. Sitting Down to Take a Stand: Rosa Parks' Actions Advanced the Fight for Civil Rights. N. p. : Sucess, 2011. Print. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. 3 The History Lesson [ 4 ]. 1 Adamson, Lynda [ 5 ]. 4 Parks, Rosa [ 7 ]. 5 The Rebelious Life [ 8 ]. 3 The History Lesson [ 9 ]. 6 Huso,Deborah [ 11 ]. 2 Chappell, Kevin [ 12 ]. 5 The Rebellious Life [ 13 ]. 5 [ 14 ]. 3 The History Lesson [ 15 ]. 7 Tamara, Holmes [ 16 ]. 8 Lerone Bennett [ 17 ]. 4 Parks,Rosa [ 18 ]. 7 Tamara, Holmes [ 19 ]. 8 Lerone Bennett [ 21 ]. 3 The History Lesson

Elvis Live essays

Elvis Live essays Before Elvis, there was nothing. John Lennon. This phenomenon, Elvis, changed the music, film, and television world forever. He had 149 different albums and singles that became certified gold, platinum, or multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). 18 of his songs went to number one on the charts totaling 80 weeks. He took many influences throughout his life, combined it, and ratified the way music will be used forever. To put a cherry on top of this sundae would be to also mention that 40%, almost  ½) of his record sales, was outside of the United States. No one saw it coming, not even Elvis. His success broke records around the world. On stage he was an animal, a sexual god, without even trying, it just flowed out of him, not like a river but as a waterfall. Elvis was impervious and defiant on stage and it was the mode for his success. Elvis was a scared little southern boy born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee. Music was always a part of his life in some way, either from the Assembly of God Church he and his parents attended, or listening to the country music on his radio. His first appearance and exposure through radio came when he was only ten years old. Granted, back then he wasnt a Liberachi or early-twenties heartthrob, just a child singing in the local fair. He loved to sing, but wanted to play outdoors instead. As a kid, he wanted a bicycle to ride around in, but due to his familys lack of income, he received a guitar instead. He now had a new medium to explore his musical sound. In high school he was known for singing with his guitar, having long dyed-black hair, and those long sideburns. He again puts himself out for the audience so that they could see what he was made of. He sings and plays his guitar for his entire school during a student talent show and he explodes with joy. To his astonishment, they loved it. He received the most applause of ...

La Isabela, Columbuss First Colony in the Americas

La Isabela, Columbuss First Colony in the Americas La Isabela is the name of the first European town established in the Americas. La Isabela was settled by Christopher Columbus and 1,500 others in 1494 AD, on the northern coast of the island of Hispaniola, in what is now the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean Sea. La Isabela was the first European town, but it was not the first colony in the New Worldthat was LAnse aux Meadows, established by Norse colonists in Canada nearly 500 years earlier: both of these early colonies were abject failures. History of La Isabela In 1494, the Italian-born, Spanish-financed explorer Christopher Columbus was on his second voyage to the American continents, landing in Hispaniola with a group of 1,500 settlers. The primary purpose of the expedition was to establish a colony, a foothold in the Americas for Spain to begin its conquest. But Columbus was also there to discover sources of precious metals. There on the north shore of Hispaniola, they established the first European town in the New World, called La Isabela after Queen Isabella of Spain, who supported his voyage financially and politically. For an early colony, La Isabela was a fairly substantial settlement. The settlers quickly built several buildings, including a palace/citadel for Columbus to live in; a fortified storehouse (alhondiga) to store their material goods; several stone buildings for various purposes; and a European-style plaza. There is also evidence for several locations associated with silver and iron ore processing. Silver Ore Processing The silver processing operations at La Isabela involved the use of European galena, an ore of lead probably imported from ore fields in the Los Pedroches-Alcudia or Linares-La Carolina valleys of Spain. The purpose of the exportation of lead galena from Spain to the new colony is believed to have been to assay the percentage of gold and silver ore in artifacts stolen from the indigenous people of the New World. Later, it was used in a failed attempt to smelt iron ore. Artifacts associated with ore assay discovered at the site included 58 triangular graphite-tempered assaying crucibles, a kilogram (2.2 pounds) of liquid mercury, a concentration of about 90 kg (200 lbs) of galena, and several deposits of metallurgical slag, mostly concentrated near or within the fortified storehouse. Adjacent to the slag concentration was a small fire pit, believed to represent a furnace used to process the metal. Evidence for Scurvy Because historical records indicate that the colony was a failure, Tiesler and colleagues investigated the physical evidence of the conditions of the colonists, using macroscopic and histological (blood) evidence on the skeletons excavated from a contact-era cemetery. A total of 48 individuals were buried in La Isabelas church cemetery. Skeletal preservation was variable, and the researchers could only determine that at least 33 of the 48 were men and three were women. Children and adolescents were among the individuals, but there was no one older than 50 at the time of death. Among the 27 skeletons with adequate preservation, 20 exhibited lesions likely to have been caused by severe adult scurvy, a disease caused by a sustained lack of vitamin C and common to seafarers before the 18th century. Scurvy is reported to have caused 80% of all deaths during long sea voyages in the 16th and 17th centuries. Surviving reports of the colonists intense fatigue and physical exhaustion on and after arrival are clinical manifestations of scurvy. There were sources of vitamin C on Hispaniola, but the men  were not familiar enough with the local environment to pursue them, and instead relied on infrequent shipments from Spain to meet their dietary demands, shipments that did not include fruit. The Indigenous People At least two indigenous communities were located in the northwestern Dominican Republic where Columbus and his crew established La Isabela, known as the La Luperona and El Flaco archaeological sites. Both of these sites were occupied between the 3rd and 15th centuries, and have been the focus of archaeological investigations since 2013. The prehispanic people in the Caribbean region at the time of Columbuss landing were horticulturalists, who combined slash and burn land clearance and house gardens holding domesticated and managed plants with substantive hunting, fishing, and gathering. According to historic documents, the relationship was not a good one. Based on all the evidence, historical and archaeological, the La Isabela colony was a flat-out disaster: the colonists did not find any extensive quantities of ores, and hurricanes, crop failures, disease, mutinies, and conflicts with the resident Taà ­no made life unbearable. Columbus himself was recalled to Spain in 1496, to account for the financial disasters of the expedition, and the town was abandoned in 1498. Archaeology of La Isabela Archaeological investigations at La Isabela have been conducted since the late 1980s by a team led by Kathleen Deagan and Josà © M. Cruxent of the Florida Museum of Natural History, at which web site much more detail is available. Interestingly, like at the earlier Viking settlement of Lanse aux Meadows, evidence at La Isabela suggests that the European residents may have failed in part because they were unwilling to fully adapt to local living conditions. Sources Deagan K. 1996. Colonial transformation: Euro-American cultural genesis in the early Spanish-American colonies. Journal of Anthropological Research 52(2):135-160.Deagan K, and Cruxent JM. 2002. Columbuss Outpost Among the Tainos: Spain and America at La Isabela, 1493-1498. New Haven: Yale University Press.Deagan K, and Cruxent JM. 2002. Archaeology at La Isabela, America’s First European Town. New Haven: Yale University Press.Laffoon JE, Hoogland MLP, Davies GR, and Hofman CL. 2016. Human dietary assessment in the Pre-colonial Lesser Antilles: New stable isotope evidence from Lavoutte, Saint Lucia. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5:168-180.Thibodeau AM, Killick DJ, Ruiz J, Chesley JT, Deagan K, Cruxent JM, and Lyman W. 2007. The strange case of the earliest silver extraction by European colonists in the New World. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(9):3663-3666.Tiesler V, Coppa A, Zabala P, and Cucina A. 2016. Scurvy-related Morbidity and Death amon g Christopher Columbus Crew at La Isabela, the First European Town in the New World (1494–1498): An Assessment of the Skeletal and Historical Information. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 26(2):191-202. Ting C, Neyt B, Ulloa Hung J, Hofman C, and Degryse P. 2016. The production of pre-Colonial ceramics in northwestern Hispaniola: A technological study of Meillacoid and Chicoid ceramics from La Luperona and El Flaco, Dominican Republic. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 6:376-385.VanderVeen JM. 2003. Review of Archaeology at La Isabela: Americas First European Town, and Columbuss Outpost among the Taino: Spain and America at La Isabela, 1494-1498. Latin American Antiquity 14(4):504-506.

Compensation and Benefits Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compensation and Benefits Paper - Essay Example For example, the same job might have different structures, meaning that the levels that the organization uses are diverse. In this case, the levels used by the organization determine the organization structure, since the different people report to different managers. In the example of software engineers in the Phoenix area, the type of job structures is best exemplified. In this case, there are three different job structures for the same occupation, each job structure attracting a different salary. The first job structure is Software engineer 1, which is the lowest level in the field. This job structure attracts an average salary of $58,001 (Salary.com, 2011), and from the job description, requires up to 2 years of experience in a similar position. An individual in this position is always under immediate supervision, and cannot exercise independent judgment in the job. The second job level is a software engineer 2, who makes an average salary of $73,539 (Salary.com, 2011), and is a l ittle higher than the software engineer 1. This job level requires between 2 and 4 years of experience, performs more tasks that the first job level. This employee reports to one manager, and is usually not under immediate supervision. ... The information described above can be used in the development of a pay structure in a simple way, since the factors that determine pay are already evident. The description of three job levels above indicates that two factors that determine the pay structure in an organization. The first factor is the experience that an individual possesses (Ranken, 2010). The educational level is usually constant, since an individual is expected to possess minimum qualifications before consideration for the job is done. In this case, the first level, which earns the lowest salary, possesses the least experience, and the third job level possesses the highest job experience. This indicates that the development of a pay structure should be dependent on the experience that an individual possesses. From the above information, it is also evident that the development of a pay structure is also dependent on the level of independence that an individual is accorded in an organization (RAnken, 2010). For examp le, a first level engineer is accorded the least level of independence, therefore, it is to be expected that the pay grade will be the lowest. Conversely, the third level engineer is accorded the highest level of independence; therefore, the pay grade is the highest. Benefits Benefit Description Value Reason for benefit Social Security Social security is a contributory program made by all employers to a government fund for the retirement, medical aid, and disability fund for employees. The employees are assured that they will get retirement benefits and medical care at the moment they retire. Required by law Disability Disability benefits are not mandatory since they are already covered by social security. This benefit is

Big business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Big business - Term Paper Example But others were not happy with these developments and thought these companies and men had too much power and they sought to challenge them with new laws. Economic power should never be so consolidated that it eclipses the needs of the Republic. Roosevelt considered himself a progressive, and he felt that many of these new big companies, the trusts, were having a negative effect on ordinary American lives. He felt they needed new regulations and rules in order to do business more fairly. When he looked at the American economic scene, he saw workers being exploited, shoddy products being created, a lack of competition, and a sense of impunity. Not only were these things unjust in their own way, he believed they would also be economically detrimental in the longer term. He decided to challenge the Robber Barons and return power to the people. Importantly, he wasn’t going to challenge the right of someone to try to make such money or the system that produces such inequalities, but only the inequality itself. This, of course, was a delicate balancing act. There has always been a debate about how much influence the government should have over the economy. Indeed, this debate continues to this day with President Obama desiring more regulation and interference, and the Republican Party standing for freedom and less government intrusion. Then as now, it was true that too much interference would quash innovation. The longer it takes to start a business and the more oversight a business is subject to, the less innovative and profitable it will be. The higher the taxes a business must pay, the less profitable it will be. Government regulation can destroy businesses. However, Roosevelt didn't see it that way. He saw monopolies and trusts sprouting up everywhere, killing competition (Dalton, 204). He felt some minimum standards of regulation were required to prevent business from taking over government and exploiting people merely to increase the profit margin. What r esulted from Roosevelt's desire to regulate American business and show them who was in charge? Three main pieces of legislation were rammed through Congress. Each has had a major influence on American life ever since. The first major change was to create the Department of Commerce which would oversee business and trade in the country. Roosevelt felt that there was not enough control wielded by the government over business and that business was free to influence any member of government. Creating a central department to deal with all of these issues would free him and other leaders to deal with other matters. Around the time Roosevelt was considering all of these issues, a writer by the name of Upton Sinclair wrote a book about meat production in the U.S. that illustrated the low quality of the food product and the manner in which it was disgustingly adulterated. The Jungle was actually intended as a claim for socialism, but it became a rallying cry for food safety and regulation. Th is book caused an uproar. Roosevelt was not convinced of its conclusions so he sent his own men to do an inspection of a number of factories. What they found appalled him. The quality of the meat and the conditions in the factories were unacceptable. He stood tall and passed an Act to ensure higher standards. The nineteenth century saw a significant increase in the sale of pharmaceuticals. But like food, they were often impure or mislabeled. These drugs could be